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ELEANOR HALL: Civil liberties campaigners are warning that Queensland's draconian bikie laws could roll out across the country before they've been proven to work. The Queensland Government is reviewing the effectiveness of the laws. But in South Australia, the Government's already implemented similar laws and a defence [https://matthewmitchell.com.au/best-family-lawyers-adelaide/ Divorce Lawyer Adelaide] says the governments of Western Australia and the Northern Territory may now follow suit for fear of becoming safe havens for bikies. In Adelaide, Natalie Whiting reports. NATALIE WHITING: The former premier of South Australia Mike Rann infamously called Craig Caldicott a "bikie lawyer". But the Adelaide solicitor says bikies make up just one part of his clientele.


CRAIG CALDICOTT: I actually act for many thousands of people and I act for everyone from the person charged with drink driving, shoplifting, up to murder cases - anyone who walks through the door. NATALIE WHITING: But it's the bikies who are coming under fire. South Australia has introduced tough anti-association laws. It stops groups of gang members meeting in public; it's closed down certain club houses and stops people wearing their colours in pubs. Mr Caldicott says the laws raise a lot of civil liberties issues. CRAIG CALDICOTT: If a member of a group died and there was a funeral, the fellow members couldn't go to the funeral because it's a public place.


NATALIE WHITING: The laws are modelled on those rolled out in Queensland two years ago. Lecturer in Law at the University of Queensland Rebecca Ananian-Welsh says there are now two reviews underway into the laws. REBECCA ANANIAN-WELSH: We've seen very few prosecutions. We have seen a reduction in visibilities, but there's no proven effectiveness at actually stopping what people were worried about, which is the drug trade or organised crime or guns. NATALIE WHITING: Given those reviews are ongoing and I guess effectiveness it seems hasn't been proved yet, were you surprised that South Australia has pushed forward with very similar laws. REBECCA ANANIAN-WELSH: Really surprised, yeah.


It just seems quite shocking that the South Australian government wouldn't just sit back and take the easy road and let these reviews actually go ahead in Queensland, and see what comes out of them. NATALIE WHITING: With Queensland and South Australia taking the tough approach, she's concerned other jurisdictions, like the Northern Territory and Western Australia, will also introduce the laws. REBECCA ANANIAN-WELSH: If Queensland keeps the laws, South Australia has got them, we will probably see them roll out across Australia. And the troubling thing - there's a lot about that that troubles me - but one of the most troubling things is that the effectiveness of these laws hasn't been proven. NATALIE WHITING: And is that something we have seen in the past?


REBECCA ANANIAN-WELSH: It is, it's what happened with control orders. And those orders were, have proved to be completely ineffective and it was actually that ineffectiveness that prompted the new laws in Queensland. NATALIE WHITING: Craig Caldicott agrees it's likely other states will follow suit. CRAIG CALDICOTT: The net result of all of that will be these people will go underground; they'll not be seen, they won't be visible, they'll still be part of their group, but they won't be visible out there. In the same way that the mafia and the triads are. NATALIE WHITING: You've previously represented members of these groups, do you think it's likely there will be a challenge if they're used?


CRAIG CALDICOTT: I think so. It depends on how they're used. We're just waiting to see whether or not the police actually arrest anyone and then thereafter we'll see whether or not we can challenge it through the courts. NATALIE WHITING: Ms Ananian-Welsh says she doesn't think a High Court challenge in South Australia would be successful. REBECCA ANANIAN-WELSH: So the Queensland laws were challenged in the High Court, and there's a lot of new laws in Queensland. Some of those laws were upheld, and it's those laws that they've enacted in South Australia. So they've been very careful only to enact the laws that the High Court has already upheld. NATALIE WHITING: There are real concerns from the public and police about organised crime and bikies, so is it just a matter I guess of finding more effective ways, or what do we do to address those real concerns? REBECCA ANANIAN-WELSH: It's an excellent question. It really is time to sit back and take stock and go look we've experimented with control orders; we actually have a lot of criminal law aimed at organised crime; is more law the answer? Or is perhaps more police funding the answer? Do we need more cops on the ground? And actually take stock of these things that we've had in place, rather than just enacting, enacting, enacting new laws that get harsher and harsher.


To qualify for this card, it is important to undergo a course which usually takes six hours to complete and which is also not too difficult to pass. All that is required is to apply and be accepted. Of course, acceptance cannot be taken for granted and in fact, to be accepted, it is important to complete a test called EOI or Evidence of Identity which is a test that needs to be passed. Besides the Evidence of Identity test, there is another requirement that must be met before you can get your White Card. This other requirement is paying the required application fee. The course is not a free one, but requires having to pay a certain sum of money after which your application will be handled and processed.


At present, the cost of taking an online test is around fifty dollars though if you take the test in person, then the costs will be higher. This course requires that you study a few subjects and in fact there are five subjects that need to be mastered in a six hour course. First of all, it is necessary to identify and learn to avoid and also react to any hazard that may be encountered. You are also taught to be very vigilant because anything can happen on a construction site. In addition, you are also taught how to respond to a disaster and how you can minimize the extent of damage, harm and injuries.


400 million, according to Sri Lanka Customs. 1,229 million, said the High Commissioner quoting Sri Lanka Customs, during an interview in Canberra. The Sri Lankan community in Australia has contributed significantly to the Australian economy. A total of 150,880 people in Australia are identified to be of Sri Lankan ancestry, according to 2016 statistics of the Australian Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Social Services. The majority - an estimated 105,000 - is Sinhalese and an estimated 45,000 are Tamils. People who identify with a Sri Lankan ancestry mainly reside in Victoria (75,595) according to the 2016 census. A long list of eminent Australians of Sri Lankan origin have distinguished themselves as State Governors, chefs, literary award winners as well as global leaders of the legal fraternity such as the late Judge C. G. Weeramantry.


Sri Lankans have integrated well into the Australian society and way of life and it is no surprise that some have made a mark in Australian politics, the High Commissioner said. "Australia is a new country compared to Sri Lanka but it has achieved much to become a first world economy. For this reason, the country requires new immigrants," Australian lawyer of Sri Lankan origin, Immigration Law Specialist Susantha Katugampala said marking Australia Day. He said that Australia’s migration opportunities have risen due to its economic development. "Migration and economy go hand in hand. Being an immigration lawyer, practicing in Australia for over 20 years with Australian qualifications, I can affirm that Australia has been very generous in accepting legal immigrants with the right skills.


But it is very strict with illegal immigrants. Legal immigration is the sole foundation of Australia," he pointed out. "Immigrants are free to protect their unique culture and still be an Australian. "As an Immigration Lawyer, we open up our networks to qualified people and provide them with opportunities to settle in Australia. They must in turn understand that they need to uphold justice and fair play," he added.Katugampala, who also serves as a Director for SriLankan Airlines, emphasised that Australia is an important route for the national carrier. "We need to attract more tourists from Australia. Sri Lanka is safe and beautiful.


In order to expand SriLankan Airlines to more Australian cities, we need to overcome financial challenges," he pointed out. "Australia has a strong welfare system for any person living or travelling. Migrants are covered by mandatory healthcare systems, private insurance and social security schemes. Students need to have the insurance coverage and they have to prove the income level before applying to universities and for Visas. The Australian government ensures that a person would not be a burden to their respective countries," High Commissioner Skandakumar said. He said, since Australia has a proper system and migrants or students are direct beneficiaries of these systems, they can easily access Australian agencies for any emergencies which is quick, easy, and the most appropriate and authorised mechanism in Australia.


On the other hand, due to strict privacy laws in Australia, any emergencies handled by Australian agencies are treated with strict confidence, he pointed out. Australian border security is tight and people smuggling is discouraged at all levels. In 2012, about 156 boats arrived in Australian waters from Sri Lanka alone. Subsequently, with strong cooperation on both sides, those numbers were drastically reduced. With enhanced surveillance, this line of activity has almost completely ceased, the High Commissioner said. Those seeking asylum in Australia are assessed by the Australian government through the Status Determination Process (SDP) to determine whether their case for asylum is justified. Until they finish the SDP, the Australian government takes care of their welfare and security. Once the SDP is completed and if the case is negative, the Australian Boarder Force makes arrangements to deport/repatriate him/her to the country of origin. In this context, the Australian government seeks the support of the respective country Missions to prepare travel documents, according to High Commissioner Skandakumar. "As a responsible nation, Sri Lanka has been maintaining a policy rejecting illegal migrants and safeguarding human rights. In the current context, there is no reason for any Sri Lankan to flee the country and seek asylum or refugee status in another country including in Australia. Thus, all asylum seekers are victims of human traffickers and their asylum claims are usually rejected by the Australian Government," the High Commissioner emphasised.


Using the example of Australia, the Commonwealth act for evidence commenced on 18 April 1995. It applies to proceedings in federal courts in the courts of the stranding capital territory. In New South Wales act commenced operation on one September 1995 apply to all hearings commencing on the date or rafting New South Wales courts. It has been held, but in the case of criminal trial on indictment, the hearing of the proceedings begins at the time of writing that. It also has been held that the legislation applies to any action or step in action which has been given a discreet hearing after the date of commencement. Neither act is technically code. As a result, the act is not deal with the allocation of the burden of proof in respect of faxing issue, which the Australian Law reform commission regarded as a matter of substantive law.


First of all, you have to confirm if the company can sponsor a visa. There are few visa types which needs negligible involvement from organization on other side some visas like 457 demand for a formal registration as business sponsor organization. Furthermore, the organization has to have an application lodged through DIBP (Department of Immigration and Border protect) and need a prior approval from department before the employee could start his employment. Make sure you know all activities in this process. You have to be aware about the rights an employee carries with his particular visa as they vary depending upon different visa types.


For instance, a person can only work up 80 hrs in month on student visa as his study demands time. Secondly in work holiday visas, an employee is entitled to work for 6 month to a particular employer and can stay for a year in country. You never want to be in a situation where the employee is not able to work in line with Australian law as his visa is already expired. So, it is better to know the working rights of your staff member. It is very important to assure that the employee with work visa is having the same work conditions as you give to a permanent resident or an Australian citizen.


Regrettably many employer in 457 visa scheme exploit employees by giving them less pay scales, which has directed to close monitoring of employers for this visa type. We can see many underpaid employees prefer to remain quite under the fear layoff from employer. Government is taking effective measures against this, in resent time they have established Migrant workers' taskforce, which is an agency headed by Professor Allen Fels AO to keep eye on employee exploitation. So, it is necessary to be aware of and ensure the working conditions to visa workers same as Australian PR or Citizens. Make sure you get the right employment contract. All norms of employment should be clearly mentioned in it including the duty of employee where he/she has to update about the visa expiry or any change in employment rights to the company in advance. Termination notice. As per guidelines, all the employees in Australia should get a termination notice other than those who are terminated for serious offenses or due to casual or fix work contract terms.